What is a Stoma? Understanding Ostomy Types and Management 

Tag: ostomy

Published: October 15, 2026

Summary

Adjusting to life with a stoma can feel overwhelming at first, but the right knowledge and support can make it easier. This guide helps you understand your options and feel more confident in your routine.

If you or someone you care about is preparing for life with a stoma, it’s normal to have questions.  

According to the United Ostomy Association of America, around 725,000 to 1 million people in the U.S. live with an ostomy^*. You’re not alone. 

At Home Care Delivered (HCD), we provide high-quality medical supplies for chronic conditions like ostomy, incontinence, and wound care. Our team works with individuals and their healthcare providers to ensure every product fits comfortably and supports daily life. 

This guide explains what a stoma is, why it may be needed, the types of ostomies, and how to manage your routine with confidence. 

A stoma is a surgically created opening on the abdomen that allows waste, such as stool or urine, to leave the body. It is part of an ostomy, which helps the body function when the usual pathway is no longer available.

Here’s a few additional facts about a stoma:

• Typically pink or red, moist, and about the size of a quarter to a half-dollar
• Size, shape, and location vary from person to person
• No nerve endings so it doesn’t hurt to touch
• Waste exits into a pouching system worn on the outside of the body

A stoma may be needed due to:

• Colorectal or bladder cancer
• Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis
• Diverticulitis
• Bowel injuries or blockages
• Urinary challenges or conditions from birth

Some stomas are temporary; others are permanent. Your healthcare team will explain what to expect.

While it may feel overwhelming at first, many individuals find relief and healing. With the right support and products, living with a stoma can be manageable.

There are three main types of stomas, based on location and waste type:

Colostomy

• Location: Large intestine (colon)
• Output: Semi-solid to solid stool
• Frequency: May need emptying once or twice daily

Ileostomy

• Location: Small intestine (ileum)
• Output: Liquid to semi-liquid stool
• Frequency: Typically emptied more frequently throughout the day

Urostomy

• Location: Urinary system
• Output: Urine
• Frequency: Emptied regularly, similar to normal urination

There are two main types of pouching systems, each offering benefits based on your body and ostomy needs. HCD’s product experts work with you and your healthcare team to find a solution that feels comfortable and supports your ostomate needs.

All pouching systems include:

• Skin Barrier
  • Adhesive part around the stoma
  • Also called a wafer or flange
  • Designed to seal securely and protect skin
• Pouch
  • Collects output
  • Available in styles like drainable, closed, or urostomy-specific

Your pouching system is the foundation of your routine, but additional supplies can help support comfort, protect your skin, and improve day-to-day confidence. These products aren’t just extras. For some individuals, they are an important part of their care routine and ostomy journey.

Skin Protection Products
These items help protect the skin around your stoma and support a secure fit:

• Barrier wipes or spray – Create a protective layer between your skin and the
• Adhesive remover wipes – Help gently remove your pouching system without irritating the skin.

Securement Accessories

These products help keep your pouching system in place and provide extra stability:

• Ostomy belts – Attach to your pouch for added support and security. Available for most pouch brands and styles.
• Barrier rings – Moldable rings that fill gaps around the stoma to create a better seal. Ideal for individuals with uneven or indented skin.
• Ostomy paste – A thicker option used to fill creases or dips around the stoma. Paste is applied before placing the barrier and should be replaced with each change.

Comfort Products

These items can help you feel more confident and comfortable:

• Odor eliminators – Help manage scent discreetly.
• Pouch belts – Provide extra support during movement or activity.

Daily routines often become easier with time. Finding what works best for your body can help you feel more confident.

Here are a few general tips:

1. Wash your hands before and after changing or emptying your pouch
2. Clean the skin gently with warm water and pat dry
3. Take note of changes in your stoma’s appearance
4. Empty your pouch when it is about one-third full
5. Use barrier products if your skin feels sensitive

If something looks or feels different or uncomfortable, reach out to your healthcare provider.

While everyone’s experience is unique, there are times when it’s important to check in with your provider. If something doesn’t feel right, trust your instincts.

General Concerns

• Redness or irritation around your stoma
• No output for several hours, especially with cramping
• Stoma sticking out more than usual
• Changes in color—dark, pale, or purple
• Persistent leakage despite a secure fit

Emergency Signs

• High fever
• Severe abdominal pain
• Continuous vomiting
• A stoma that appears black or dusky

These signs may indicate a need for medical attention. HCD is here to support you with high-quality supplies, but we always recommend contacting your healthcare provider for any health-related concerns.

Living with a stoma can take time to adjust to, but many individuals continue to lead full, active lives. With the right products and support, your daily routine can feel more manageable and comfortable.

At HCD, we understand that every person’s experience is different. That’s why we offer personalized product solutions with high-quality supplies to help you feel secure and supported — at home and on the go. If you have questions about ostomy products or insurance options, our team is here to help. We’ll check your insurance to see if you qualify and work with your provider to find the best fit for your needs.

Living with a chronic condition that requires medical supplies?

Let us help you get the products you need — delivered discreetly to your door.

Many people manage ongoing health conditions, and the right medical supplies can make all the difference. The team at HCD works with you, your doctor, and your insurance plan to support a wide range of needs, including urological, ostomy, diabetes, and wound care. We’ll help ensure you get the supplies you need to manage your condition with confidence.

Call 866-938-3906 to see if you qualify or reach out through our Contact Us form by selecting “An individual looking to see if I or a loved one qualifies for medical supplies.”

Disclaimer:
Unless otherwise noted, the recommendations in this document were obtained from the sources indicated. Be advised that information contained herein is intended to serve as a useful reference for informational purposes only. HCD cannot be held responsible for the continued accuracy of or for any errors or omissions in the information. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Sources:
^*United Ostomy Associations of America. (n.d.).Living with an ostomy. https://www.ostomy.org/living-with-an-ostomy/